SSC CGL Tier 1 - Reasoning
Syllogism
Practice MCQs with Detailed Solutions
Total Questions: 20 | Difficulty: Easy (7) - Medium (7) - Hard (6)
Sub-topics Covered: Basic Syllogisms (All/Some/No), Possibility-based
Conclusions,
Either-Or Cases, Complementary Pairs, Multi-Statement Syllogisms, "Only"
Statements
Quick Tips for Syllogism Questions:
- Always draw Venn diagrams for visual clarity
- Remember: "All A are B" means A is completely inside B
- "Some A are B" means A and B have overlapping region
- "No A is B" means A and B are completely separate
- "Only A are B" converts to "All B are A"
- For Either-Or: Check if conclusions are complementary pairs
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EASY LEVEL (Questions 1-7)
Q1. In the following question, two statements are given followed by two conclusions.
Choose the correct answer.
Statements:
1. All books are pages.
2. All pages are words.
Conclusions:
I. All books are words.
II. All words are books.
(A) Only conclusion I follows
(B) Only conclusion II follows
(C) Both conclusions follow
(D) Neither conclusion follows
Correct Answer: (A) Only conclusion I follows
Explanation:
Drawing the Venn diagram:
- All books are inside pages (Books ⊂ Pages)
- All pages are inside words (Pages ⊂ Words)
- Therefore: Books ⊂ Pages ⊂ Words
Conclusion I: All books are words - TRUE (Books is completely inside Words)
Conclusion II: All words are books - FALSE (Words is the larger set, not all words are books)
Only Conclusion I follows.
Q2. In the following question, two statements are given followed by two conclusions.
Choose the correct answer.
Statements:
1. Some cats are dogs.
2. All dogs are animals.
Conclusions:
I. Some cats are animals.
II. All animals are dogs.
(A) Only conclusion I follows
(B) Only conclusion II follows
(C) Both conclusions follow
(D) Neither conclusion follows
Correct Answer: (A) Only conclusion I follows
Explanation:
Drawing the Venn diagram:
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- Some cats overlap with dogs
- All dogs are inside animals
Conclusion I: Some cats are animals - TRUE (The cats that are dogs are definitely animals)
Conclusion II: All animals are dogs - FALSE (Animals is the larger set containing dogs)
Only Conclusion I follows.
Q3. In the following question, two statements are given followed by two conclusions.
Choose the correct answer.
Statements:
1. No pen is pencil.
2. All pencils are erasers.
Conclusions:
I. No pen is eraser.
II. Some erasers are pencils.
(A) Only conclusion I follows
(B) Only conclusion II follows
(C) Both conclusions follow
(D) Neither conclusion follows
Correct Answer: (B) Only conclusion II follows
Explanation:
Drawing the Venn diagram:
- Pen and Pencil are completely separate (no overlap)
- All pencils are inside erasers
Conclusion I: No pen is eraser - FALSE (Erasers is larger than pencils, some erasers could be pens)
Conclusion II: Some erasers are pencils - TRUE (All pencils are erasers, so definitely some erasers are
pencils)
Only Conclusion II follows.
Q4. In the following question, two statements are given followed by two conclusions.
Choose the correct answer.
Statements:
1. All roses are flowers.
2. All flowers are beautiful.
Conclusions:
I. All roses are beautiful.
II. Some beautiful things are roses.
(A) Only conclusion I follows
(B) Only conclusion II follows
(C) Both conclusions follow
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(D) Neither conclusion follows
Correct Answer: (C) Both conclusions follow
Explanation:
Drawing the Venn diagram:
- Roses ⊂ Flowers ⊂ Beautiful
Conclusion I: All roses are beautiful - TRUE (Roses is inside Flowers which is inside Beautiful)
Conclusion II: Some beautiful things are roses - TRUE (Since all roses are beautiful, some beautiful
things are definitely roses)
Both conclusions follow.
Q5. In the following question, two statements are given followed by two conclusions.
Choose the correct answer.
Statements:
1. Some teachers are students.
2. Some students are players.
Conclusions:
I. Some teachers are players.
II. Some players are students.
(A) Only conclusion I follows
(B) Only conclusion II follows
(C) Both conclusions follow
(D) Neither conclusion follows
Correct Answer: (B) Only conclusion II follows
Explanation:
Drawing the Venn diagram:
- Teachers and Students have some overlap
- Students and Players have some overlap
- But Teachers-Students overlap may not coincide with Students-Players overlap
Conclusion I: Some teachers are players - FALSE (No direct link established)
Conclusion II: Some players are students - TRUE (This is just the converse of statement 2, which is valid
for 'Some' statements)
Only Conclusion II follows.
Q6. In the following question, two statements are given followed by two conclusions.
Choose the correct answer.
Statements:
1. All cars are vehicles.
2. All vehicles are machines.
Conclusions:
I. All cars are machines.
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II. Some machines are cars.
(A) Only conclusion I follows
(B) Only conclusion II follows
(C) Both conclusions follow
(D) Neither conclusion follows
Correct Answer: (C) Both conclusions follow
Explanation:
Drawing the Venn diagram:
- Cars ⊂ Vehicles ⊂ Machines
Conclusion I: All cars are machines - TRUE (Cars is inside Vehicles which is inside Machines)
Conclusion II: Some machines are cars - TRUE (Since all cars are machines, some machines are
definitely cars)
Both conclusions follow.
Q7. In the following question, two statements are given followed by two conclusions.
Choose the correct answer.
Statements:
1. No bird is animal.
2. All animals are wild.
Conclusions:
I. No bird is wild.
II. Some wild are animals.
(A) Only conclusion I follows
(B) Only conclusion II follows
(C) Both conclusions follow
(D) Neither conclusion follows
Correct Answer: (B) Only conclusion II follows
Explanation:
Drawing the Venn diagram:
- Birds and Animals are completely separate
- All Animals are inside Wild
Conclusion I: No bird is wild - FALSE (Wild is larger than Animals; Birds might overlap with the
non-Animal part of Wild)
Conclusion II: Some wild are animals - TRUE (All animals are wild, so some wild are definitely animals)
Only Conclusion II follows.
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MEDIUM LEVEL (Questions 8-14)
Q8. In the following question, two statements are given followed by two conclusions.
Choose the correct answer.
Statements:
1. All managers are leaders.
2. Some leaders are teachers.
Conclusions:
I. Some managers are teachers.
II. Some managers are teachers is a possibility.
(A) Only conclusion I follows
(B) Only conclusion II follows
(C) Both conclusions follow
(D) Neither conclusion follows
Correct Answer: (B) Only conclusion II follows
Explanation:
Drawing the Venn diagram:
- Managers ⊂ Leaders
- Leaders and Teachers have some overlap
Conclusion I: Some managers are teachers - NOT DEFINITE (The overlap between Leaders and
Teachers may or may not include Managers)
Conclusion II: Some managers are teachers is a possibility - TRUE (It's possible that the Managers part
of Leaders overlaps with Teachers)
Only Conclusion II follows. Note: When definite conclusion doesn't follow, possibility often does.
Q9. In the following question, two statements are given followed by two conclusions.
Choose the correct answer.
Statements:
1. Some engineers are doctors.
2. All doctors are professionals.
Conclusions:
I. Some engineers are professionals.
II. All professionals are doctors.
(A) Only conclusion I follows
(B) Only conclusion II follows
(C) Both conclusions follow
(D) Neither conclusion follows
Correct Answer: (A) Only conclusion I follows
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Explanation:
Drawing the Venn diagram:
- Engineers and Doctors have some overlap
- Doctors ⊂ Professionals
Conclusion I: Some engineers are professionals - TRUE (The engineers who are doctors are definitely
professionals)
Conclusion II: All professionals are doctors - FALSE (Professionals is the larger set containing Doctors)
Only Conclusion I follows.
Q10. In the following question, three statements are given followed by four conclusions.
Choose the correct answer.
Statements:
1. All A are B.
2. All B are C.
3. No C is D.
Conclusions:
I. No A is D.
II. No B is D.
III. Some C are A.
IV. All A are C.
(A) Only I and II follow
(B) Only I, II and III follow
(C) Only I, II and IV follow
(D) All follow
Correct Answer: (D) All follow
Explanation:
Drawing the Venn diagram: A ⊂ B ⊂ C, and C and D are completely separate.
Conclusion I: No A is D - TRUE (A is inside C, and C has no overlap with D)
Conclusion II: No B is D - TRUE (B is inside C, and C has no overlap with D)
Conclusion III: Some C are A - TRUE (All A are C, so some C are definitely A)
Conclusion IV: All A are C - TRUE (A ⊂ B ⊂ C, so A ⊂ C)
All conclusions follow.
Q11. In the following question, two statements are given followed by two conclusions.
Choose the correct answer.
Statements:
1. No table is chair.
2. No chair is furniture.
Conclusions:
I. No table is furniture.
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II. Some furniture are tables is a possibility.
(A) Only conclusion I follows
(B) Only conclusion II follows
(C) Both conclusions follow
(D) Neither conclusion follows
Correct Answer: (B) Only conclusion II follows
Explanation:
Drawing the Venn diagram:
- Table and Chair are completely separate
- Chair and Furniture are completely separate
- But Table and Furniture have no stated relationship!
Conclusion I: No table is furniture - FALSE (We cannot conclude this; Tables might overlap with
Furniture)
Conclusion II: Some furniture are tables is a possibility - TRUE (Since there's no restriction between
Tables and Furniture)
Only Conclusion II follows.
Q12. In the following question, two statements are given followed by two conclusions.
Choose the correct answer.
Statements:
1. Only doctors are surgeons.
2. Some surgeons are nurses.
Conclusions:
I. Some doctors are nurses.
II. All surgeons are doctors.
(A) Only conclusion I follows
(B) Only conclusion II follows
(C) Both conclusions follow
(D) Neither conclusion follows
Correct Answer: (C) Both conclusions follow
Explanation:
Understanding 'Only A are B' = 'All B are A'
- 'Only doctors are surgeons' means 'All surgeons are doctors'
- Some surgeons are nurses
Conclusion I: Some doctors are nurses - TRUE (Surgeons who are nurses are also doctors)
Conclusion II: All surgeons are doctors - TRUE (Direct conversion of 'Only doctors are surgeons')
Both conclusions follow.
Q13. In the following question, two statements are given followed by two conclusions.
Choose the correct answer.
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Statements:
1. Some kings are queens.
2. Some queens are pawns.
Conclusions:
I. Some kings are pawns.
II. No king is pawn.
(A) Only conclusion I follows
(B) Only conclusion II follows
(C) Either I or II follows
(D) Neither conclusion follows
Correct Answer: (C) Either I or II follows
Explanation:
Drawing the Venn diagram:
- Kings and Queens have some overlap
- Queens and Pawns have some overlap
- The King-Queen overlap may or may not coincide with Queen-Pawn overlap
Conclusion I: Some kings are pawns - Not definite
Conclusion II: No king is pawn - Not definite
Since I and II are contradictory (complementary pair) and neither is definite, EITHER I OR II must be true.
Either conclusion I or II follows.
Q14. In the following question, two statements are given followed by two conclusions.
Choose the correct answer.
Statements:
1. All bottles are glasses.
2. No glass is cup.
Conclusions:
I. No bottle is cup.
II. Some glasses are bottles.
(A) Only conclusion I follows
(B) Only conclusion II follows
(C) Both conclusions follow
(D) Neither conclusion follows
Correct Answer: (C) Both conclusions follow
Explanation:
Drawing the Venn diagram:
- Bottles ⊂ Glasses
- Glasses and Cups are completely separate
Conclusion I: No bottle is cup - TRUE (Bottles are inside Glasses, and Glasses don't overlap with Cups)
Conclusion II: Some glasses are bottles - TRUE (All bottles are glasses, so some glasses are definitely
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bottles)
Both conclusions follow.
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HARD LEVEL (Questions 15-20)
Q15. In the following question, three statements are given followed by four conclusions.
Choose which conclusions logically follow.
Statements:
1. Some poets are singers.
2. All singers are dancers.
3. No dancer is actor.
Conclusions:
I. Some poets are dancers.
II. No singer is actor.
III. Some poets are not actors.
IV. All dancers are singers.
(A) I, II and III follow
(B) I and II follow
(C) II and III follow
(D) I, II, III and IV follow
Correct Answer: (A) I, II and III follow
Explanation:
Drawing the Venn diagram:
- Poets and Singers overlap
- Singers ⊂ Dancers
- Dancers and Actors are completely separate
I. Some poets are dancers - TRUE (Poets who are singers are also dancers)
II. No singer is actor - TRUE (Singers are inside Dancers, Dancers don't touch Actors)
III. Some poets are not actors - TRUE (At least those poets who are singers/dancers are not actors)
IV. All dancers are singers - FALSE (Dancers is the larger set containing Singers)
Conclusions I, II and III follow.
Q16. In the following question, three statements are given followed by four conclusions.
Choose which conclusions logically follow.
Statements:
1. No apple is banana.
2. Some bananas are cherries.
3. All cherries are dates.
Conclusions:
I. Some dates are bananas.
II. No apple is cherry is a possibility.
III. Some apples are dates is a possibility.
IV. No date is apple.
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(A) Only I and II follow
(B) Only I, II and III follow
(C) Only I and III follow
(D) Only II and IV follow
Correct Answer: (B) Only I, II and III follow
Explanation:
Drawing the Venn diagram:
- Apple and Banana are separate
- Banana and Cherry overlap
- Cherry ⊂ Dates
I. Some dates are bananas - TRUE (Bananas that are cherries are also dates)
II. No apple is cherry is a possibility - TRUE (No direct connection established; they could be separate)
III. Some apples are dates is a possibility - TRUE (Apples could overlap with the non-cherry part of
Dates)
IV. No date is apple - FALSE (Not definite; Dates might overlap with Apples)
Conclusions I, II and III follow.
Q17. In the following question, two statements are given followed by two conclusions.
Choose the correct answer.
Statements:
1. All galaxies that contain black holes are massive.
2. Some massive objects are not visible.
Conclusions:
I. Some galaxies with black holes are not visible is a possibility.
II. All massive objects are galaxies with black holes.
(A) Only conclusion I follows
(B) Only conclusion II follows
(C) Both conclusions follow
(D) Neither conclusion follows
Correct Answer: (A) Only conclusion I follows
Explanation:
Simplifying: Let G = Galaxies with black holes, M = Massive, V = Visible
- All G are M (G ⊂ M)
- Some M are not V
Conclusion I: Some G are not V is a possibility - TRUE (Since G is inside M, and some M are not V, it's
possible that part of G is in the 'not V' region)
Conclusion II: All M are G - FALSE (M is the larger set; not all massive objects have to be galaxies with
black holes)
Only Conclusion I follows.
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Q18. In the following question, four statements are given followed by four conclusions.
Choose which conclusions logically follow.
Statements:
1. All P are Q.
2. All Q are R.
3. Some R are S.
4. No S is T.
Conclusions:
I. Some P are S is a possibility.
II. No P is T is a possibility.
III. All P are R.
IV. Some R are not T.
(A) Only I, II and III follow
(B) Only I, III and IV follow
(C) Only II, III and IV follow
(D) All follow
Correct Answer: (D) All follow
Explanation:
Drawing the Venn diagram: P ⊂ Q ⊂ R, R and S overlap, S and T are separate.
I. Some P are S is a possibility - TRUE (P is inside R, some R are S, so possible overlap)
II. No P is T is a possibility - TRUE (If P overlaps with S, and no S is T, then no P is T is possible)
III. All P are R - TRUE (P ⊂ Q ⊂ R implies P ⊂ R)
IV. Some R are not T - TRUE (R overlaps with S, and S doesn't touch T, so those R are not T)
All conclusions follow.
Q19. In the following question, two statements are given followed by two conclusions.
Choose the correct answer.
Statements:
1. No genuine product is cheap.
2. All cheap items are popular.
Conclusions:
I. No genuine product is popular.
II. Some popular items are not genuine products is a possibility.
(A) Only conclusion I follows
(B) Only conclusion II follows
(C) Both conclusions follow
(D) Neither conclusion follows
Correct Answer: (B) Only conclusion II follows
Explanation:
Drawing the Venn diagram:
- Genuine and Cheap are completely separate
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- Cheap ⊂ Popular
Conclusion I: No genuine product is popular - FALSE (Popular is larger than Cheap; Genuine might
overlap with the non-Cheap part of Popular)
Conclusion II: Some popular items are not genuine products is a possibility - TRUE (The cheap items
that are popular are definitely not genuine)
Actually, Conclusion II is DEFINITELY TRUE because cheap items are popular AND cheap items are not
genuine. So some popular items (the cheap ones) are definitely not genuine.
Only Conclusion II follows.
Q20. In the following question, three statements are given followed by four conclusions.
Choose which conclusions logically follow.
Statements:
1. Some smartphones are tablets.
2. All tablets are gadgets.
3. Some gadgets are expensive.
Conclusions:
I. Some smartphones are gadgets.
II. All gadgets are tablets.
III. Some expensive things are tablets is a possibility.
IV. Some smartphones are expensive.
(A) Only I follows
(B) Only I and III follow
(C) Only I, III and IV follow
(D) Only I and IV follow
Correct Answer: (B) Only I and III follow
Explanation:
Drawing the Venn diagram:
- Smartphones and Tablets overlap
- Tablets ⊂ Gadgets
- Gadgets and Expensive overlap
I. Some smartphones are gadgets - TRUE (Smartphones that are tablets are also gadgets)
II. All gadgets are tablets - FALSE (Gadgets is the larger set containing Tablets)
III. Some expensive things are tablets is a possibility - TRUE (Expensive overlaps with Gadgets, might
include the Tablets part)
IV. Some smartphones are expensive - NOT DEFINITE (No direct link;
Smartphone-Tablet-Gadget-Expensive chain has a 'some' break)
Conclusions I and III follow.
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SYLLOGISM RULES REFERENCE
Statement Type Meaning Venn Diagram
All A are B Every A is inside B A ⊂ B (A inside B)
Some A are B A and B overlap A ∩ B ≠ ∅
No A is B A and B are separate A ∩ B = ∅
Some A are not B Part of A is outside B A - B ≠ ∅
Only A are B All B are A B ⊂ A
Important Conversion Rules:
Original Statement Valid Conversion
All A are B Some B are A
Some A are B Some B are A
No A is B No B is A
Some A are not B No valid conversion
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